Kungani iSelenium neCucumber Kungafanele Isetshenziswe Ndawonye

Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, ngizochaza ukuthi kungani ngikholelwa ukuthi kuwumqondo omubi ukubhala izivivinyo ezizenzakalelayo ze-UI ngeSelenium neCucumber.

Isihloko salokhu okuthunyelwe sikhuluma ngeSelenium neKhukhamba ngoba yizinto ezaziwa kakhulu ezisebenzisa isiphequluli namathuluzi e-BDD ngokulandelana, noma kunjalo, umongo wale ndatshana usebenza kunoma yiliphi ithuluzi lokuzenzakalela le-UI ngokuhlangana nanoma yiliphi ithuluzi le-BDD.

Ngaphambi kokuba ngijule ngokujulile, ake sibuyekeze imininingwane ethile engemuva.




Kuyini iSelenium?

Selenium iyithuluzi lokuhlola i-automation yesiphequluli elikwaziyo ukusebenzisana nezinto ze-HTML zohlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu ukulingisa umsebenzi womsebenzisi.

KuSelenium WebDriver, singabhala imibhalo ngezilimi eziningi zokuhlela futhi singaba yimpahla enhle yokuhlola ama-OS amaningi kanye nokuhlola isiphequluli.




Yini ikhukhamba?

Ikhukhamba yenzelwe ukuqhuba inqubo ye-Behaeve Driven Development (BDD), ukuze ikhasimende lichaze izidingo zalo njengochungechunge lwezibonelo ezibizwa ngokuthi yizimo, kumafayili wombhalo ocacile kusetshenziswa ulimi lwesiGherkin ngefomethi ye-Given When Then.

Emhlabeni wekhukhamba, lawa mafayela abizwa ngamafayela wesici abuyekezwa yithimba leScrum ukuthola ukuqonda okucacile kwezidingo ngaphambi kokuqala ukuthuthukiswa kwangempela.

Lapho ukuthuthukiswa sekuqhubeka, abathuthukisi kanye / noma i-QA bazobhala izincazelo zesinyathelo okuyizifinyezo zamakhodi ezibopha izimo ezisuka kumafayili wesici ziye kukhodi yokuhlola ekhipha isenzo esiphikisana nohlelo ngaphansi kokuhlolwa.



Selenium kanye nekhukhamba

Kokubili i-Selenium ne-Cucumber zingamathuluzi amahle ngezinhloso zazo kepha uma zisetshenziswa ndawonye, ​​izinto azishadi kahle! Ake sibone ukuthi kungani.


Izindaba ngokuvamile zibhalwa ngombono womsebenzisi, isibonelo:

Isici: Ukusebenza kokungena ngemvume

Njengomsebenzisi wewebhusayithi abc.com

Ngifuna amakhasimende akwazi ukungena ngemvume kusayithi


Ukuze bakwazi ukubuka imininingwane ye-akhawunti yabo.

Ngokulandelayo, Izimo ezikumafayela esici zibhalwe ngendlela echaza ukusebenza kwesici lapho umsebenzisi esebenzisana uhlelo lokusebenza . Ngokwesibonelo:

Isimo 1: Ukungena ngemvume okuvumelekile

Njengoba nginikezwe ukuthi ngisekhasini le-Abc.com Login


Lapho ngifaka izifakazelo ezivumelekile

Ngemuva kwalokho ngiqondiselwa ekhasini le-Akhawunti Yami

Futhi ukuze ungeze ezinye izimo ukuhlola inhlanganisela yedatha ehlukile.

Ngoba zombili indaba nefayela lesici zibhalwe ukusuka endaweni yokubuka esezingeni eliphakeme, futhi ngoba sifuna ukwenza izimo zenzeke, kubonakala kungokwemvelo ukuqala ukubhala izincazelo zesinyathelo kuKhukhamba elibiza iSelenium ukushayela uhlelo, yenza izenzo bese uqinisekisa umphumela.


Kepha, yilapho inkinga ivela khona; lapho siqala ukuhlanganisa iSelenium neCucumber ukubhala izivivinyo ze-UI ezenzakalelayo.

Kukho konke ukulunga, ezimweni ezilula njengesimo sokungena ngenhla, izinto zihlangana kahle ndawonye futhi indlela ibonakala ibonakala inengqondo, futhi empeleni, izibonelo eziningi ozibonayo ku-intanethi, ezibonisa ukusetshenziswa kweSelenium neCucumber, kubonakala sengathi zikhawulela ku isibonelo sokungena esidumile.

Abafundi bamabhulogi anjalo bangacabanga ukuthi bangathatha isimo esilula se-Login futhi basebenzise umgomo ofanayo kumongo obanzi wohlelo lokusebenza.

Ungakhohliswa nokho, njengoba izinto zingaba muncu kakhulu ngeSelenium neKhukhamba uma zifakwa kuhlelo lokusebenza olukhulu olususelwa kuwebhu lomhlaba wangempela.

Masithathe isibonelo sekhasi lemiphumela yokusesha sohlelo lokusebenza olujwayelekile lwe-e-commerce oluthengisa imikhiqizo online. Imvamisa ikhasi lemiphumela yokusesha ligcwele izici, ezifana nezihlungi, izinhlobo, uhlu lwemikhiqizo, ikhono lokushintsha usesho, ikhono lokupheqa noma ukulayisha ngokuzenzakalela ekupheqeni, njll, njengoba kubonakala kusithombe-skrini esingezansi:

Ngizocabanga ukuthi isici ngasinye ekhasini lemiphumela yosesho, sengezwe kusayithi ngokwandayo kusetshenziswa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-agile.

Ukusebenzisa umgomo ofanayo wesibonelo sethu esilula sokungena ngemvume, njengoba isici ngasinye sithuthukiswa sizoba nefayela lesici elifanele eligcwaliswe ngezimo eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo:

Ku-iteration 1 yentuthuko, i- 'Filter by Price' ithuthukiswa, ngakho-ke sizoba nefayela lesici sayo ngezimo zalo ezihlobene nesihlungi sentengo.

Ku-iteration 2 yentuthuko, 'Hlunga nge-Star Rating' kuyakhiwa, ngakho-ke sizoba nefayela lesici sayo ngezimo zalo ezihlobene nesihlungi sesilinganiso sezinkanyezi, njalonjalo kwisici ngasinye esisha.

Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi izimo ezisefayeleni ngalinye lesici zicaciswe kuphela kuzici zazo ezihlukile. Eqinisweni, yingakho bebizwa kanjalo amafayela wesici ngoba kugxilwe izici ngazinye .

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lapho uhlelo lokusebenza lulula, singasinda enseleleni yokushintsha izimo ze-UI ngeSelenium neCucumber. Kodwa-ke, njengoba uhlelo lokusebenza lukhula futhi kunezelwa izici ezintsha, ubunzima buba khona njengoba kungaba nokuncika phakathi kwezici ezahlukahlukene.

Isibonelo, ngingaqala ukuhlunga imiphumela yami yosesho ngentengo bese ngifaka esinye isihlungi sesilinganiso senkanyezi. Ah… manje sinenkinga!

Yiliphi ifayili lesici okufanele lesi simo manje siphume? Kufayela elithi 'Hlunga nge-Star Rating' noma ifayili elithi 'Hlunga ngentengo'? Kuthiwani uma manje ngengeza isimo sokufaka uhlobo emiphumeleni yami ehlungiwe ukuhlunga ngamavoti aphakeme kakhulu?

Uma othintekayo ethanda ukubona ukuthi ikuphi ukumbozwa kwethu kokuhlolwa, yimaphi amafayela wesici okufanele abheke kuwo? Ngabe uzothola isithombe esigcwele sokufakwa kwesimo ngokufunda ifayili elilodwa kuphela noma ngabe uzodinga ukufunda wonke amafayela wesici?

Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, lapho isici ngasinye sakhiwa ngamunye ngamunye ku-iteration ngayinye, amafayela wesici azogxila kwisici uqobo, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi, lapho sinezici eziningi, sidinga ukuqala ukucabanga ngokuhlola lokhu, hhayi kuphela ngokuzihlukanisa kepha nezimo zokudala lapho sihlanganisa khona izici ezahlukahlukene.

Futhi empeleni, yilokhu abasebenzisi bangempela bohlelo lokusebenza abazokwenza. Bazongena kuqala izindlela zabo zokusesha, kanye ekhasini lemiphumela yosesho, bangahle bathwale izinhlungu, bese behlunga, bese behlunga, bese bebuyela emuva, njalonjalo, futhi bangazenza lezi zenzo nganoma iyiphi i-oda. Ngeke kube khona ukuhleleka okunqunyiwe kwemicimbi. Lokhu yi uhambo lwangempela lomsebenzisi nokuhlolwa kwangempela kohlelo!

Ubuningi bezimbungulu kuhlelo lokusebenza zivezwa lapho isici uqobo saso kungumbhagi noma lapho izici ezimbili ezisebenza kahle zodwa, zingasebenzi ndawonye. Yilokhu iModeli Yokuhlola Ye-Pairwise esekwe kuyo.

Ngakho-ke, yini inkinga enkulu ngokusebenzisa iSelenium neKhukhamba ndawonye?

Lapho kungenzeka khona, akufanele sisebenzise i-GUI yewebhu ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza. Ukusebenza kwesici kufanele kuhlolwe kusendlalelo se-API ngokuhlolwa kokuhlanganiswa.

I-UI kufanele igcinelwe kuphela ukubheka ukuthi umsebenzisi ugeleza kuphi ngokusebenzisa uhlelo, noma ukuhlolwa kokuphela kokuphela nokwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi amamojula alindelekile afanele noma amawijethi akhona ekhasini njengoba umsebenzisi azulazula kusuka ekhasini elilodwa kuya kwelinye.

Uhambo olujwayelekile lomsebenzisi luyobandakanya:

1 - Zulazula ekhasini eliyisiqalo lewebhusayithi ye-abc.com

2 - Sesha umkhiqizo ekhasini eliyisiqalo

3 - Dlulisa amehlo ohlwini lwemiphumela yosesho

4 - Sebenzisa isihlungi kanye / noma hlunga

5 - Funda imininingwane yomkhiqizo

6 - Faka umkhiqizo kubhasikidi

7 - Qhubeka ukuhlola…

I-Selenium inhle kakhulu ekuzenzekeleni lezi zimo nasekuhloleni izinto ezahlukahlukene ekhasini ngalinye futhi njengoba ngishilo ngenhla, yilokho okufanele sigxile kukho lapho sivivinya ungqimba lwe-UI, futhi sihlola izinguquko ezihlukile zezifunda.

Njengoba kungabonakala, uhambo ngalunye lomsebenzisi ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza luthinta amakhasi amaningi futhi lungaxhumana nezici eziningi ekhasini ngalinye, futhi sizobe siqinisekisa izinto ezahlukahlukene esinyathelweni ngasinye kulo lonke uhambo, ngakho-ke sisebenzisa ifayela lesici ukubhala lezi zimo akunangqondo nakancane, ngoba asihloli isici, sihlola uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe.

Izinto zihamba kahle njengepheya lapho sizama ukubhala izimo zokuphela kokuphela ngefomethi ye-Given-When-Then. Sizoba nama-Given amangaki? Sizoba namaThere amangaki?

Umuntu angaphikisana nokuthi ekuhlolweni kokuphela kokuphela singamane sisebenzise iSelenium yodwa ngaphandle kweKhukhamba bese sinezivivinyo ezizenzakalelayo ezihlukile zesici ngasinye sisebenzisa iSelenium neCucumber. Futhi, angiyincomi le ndlela ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi ube nokuhlolwa okuphindiwe futhi siyazi ukuthi izivivinyo ze-UI zihamba kancane futhi ziba buthakathaka kangakanani, ngakho-ke kufanele sihlose ukungabi nazo ezingaphezulu! Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusazodingeka ubhekane nokuhlolwa kokuncika kwesici.

Isifinyezo

Ikhukhamba iyithuluzi elihle ekubhekeni ukusebenza kwesici kusendlalelo se-API ngokuhlolwa kokuhlanganiswa lapho isici ngasinye singahlolwa kahle. Leli thuluzi kufanele lisetshenziselwe Ukuhlolwa Kwezindaba.

I-Selenium iyithuluzi elihle lokuzenzakalela izimo zabasebenzisi kusendlalelo se-UI nokubheka ukusebenza kohlelo lonke, okubandakanya izindaba eziningi zomsebenzisi.

Lapho sifika Ekuhloleni Ukuhlanganiswa Kwesistimu noma Ukuhlolwa kwe-UI, kungcono ukusebenzisa iSelenium ngaphandle kohlaka lwekhukhamba olungaphansi njengoba uzama ukubhala amafayela wesici seKhukhamba ohambweni lomsebenzisi, angaba nzima kakhulu futhi ngeke afeze injongo ithuluzi elakhelwe lona.

I-athikili yami isuselwa kumaqiniso wokuncipha!

  • Uma kukhona inani lokusebenzisa ikhukhamba, lisezingeni lesici.
  • Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesici kwenziwa kangcono ngaphandle kwe-UI, isb. Ukuhlolwa kwe-API.
  • Ngisho nasekuhlolweni kwesendlalelo se-API, ikhukhamba lehluleka kabi.
  • Ukuhlolwa kwe-UI kufanele kumboze izimo zomsebenzisi / zebhizinisi hhayi izici ezilodwa.

Ikhukhamba isebenza kahle ngombono olula futhi ongenalwazi wezivivinyo nezimo, njengokusebenza kokungena ngemvume okuthandwa yiwo wonke umuntu.

Ngokunikezwa ngisekhasini lokungena ngemvume
Lapho ngifaka izifakazelo ezivumelekile
Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele ngibone i-akhawunti yami

Kepha noma yimuphi umhloli we-savvy uyazi ukuthi nokusebenza okulula kokungena ngemvume kunamasheke amaningi. Zama ukuguqula lawo masheke kukhukhamba.

Lokhu kungenxa yokungena ngemvume kuphela; zama ukubhala ukuhlolwa kokuphela kokuphela kukhukhamba!

Ukuhlolwa kwe-UI kufanele kufake ohambweni lomsebenzisi okuvame ukuphela kuze kube sekupheleni futhi kusebenze izici eziningi zohlelo lokusebenza.

Kuningi okuqhubekayo ohambweni olulodwa lomsebenzisi kulo lonke uhlelo lokusebenza.

Ikhukhamba ngokuqinisekile ALILONA ithuluzi elifanele lokuhlolwa kwesimo somsebenzisi / lebhizinisi.