Izintambo zePython - Sibutsetelo se-Basic String Operations

Izintambo zingenye yezinhlobo zedatha eziyisisekelo ePython. Izintambo zePython ziyinhlanganisela yanoma iyiphi inombolo yezinhlamvu ezenziwe ngezinhlamvu, amadijithi, nezinye izinhlamvu ezikhethekile. Kulesi sifundo, uzofunda ukuthi ungabakha kanjani, ubaphathe kabi futhi uwafomathise kanjani ukuze basebenzise ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene.



Dala izintambo ezintsha ePython

Ukwakha intambo entsha yePython, kufanele umemezele ukulandelana kwezinhlamvu ezifakwe ngamamaki wokucaphuna owodwa noma kabili. Amamaki wokucaphuna kathathu nawo asetshenziselwa izintambo ezinemigqa eminingi.

double_quotes = 'My name is John!' single_quotes = 'My name is John!' multi_line_string = '''1. My name is John!



2. I am a programmer'''


Inkomba Yezintambo

Zonke izinhlamvu ngentambo yePython zinenkomba ephelele. Inkomba iqala kusuka ku-0 kuzinhlamvu zokuqala nokukhuphuka ngentambo. Ungasebenzisa inkomba yomlingiswa ngamunye ukuthola lowo mlingiswa entanjeni njengesibonelo esilandelayo.


myPet = 'Dog not a cat' myPet[0] # 'D' myPet[5] # 'o' myPet[7] # ' ' myPet[12] # 't' # myPet[15] # IndexError

Ukuzama ukufinyelela uhlamvu olungaphezu kwenkomba yemiphumela yokugcina yomlingiswa ku Inkomba Inkomba .

Ungafinyelela uhlamvu ngentambo usebenzisa inkomba engemihle. Kulokhu, ukufakwa kwenkomba kuqala kusuka ku -1 kuzinhlamvu zokugcina zentambo, futhi kukhuphuke kabi njengoba ubuyela emuva.


myPet = 'Dog not a cat' myPet[-1] # 't' myPet[-6] # ' ' myPet[-8] # 'o' myPet[-13] # 'D'

Ukusika kwentambo

Ukusika yindlela yokukhipha i-substring (ingxenye yentambo) entanjeni. Lo msebenzi utholakala ngosizo lokukhomba ngentambo.

myPet = 'Dog not a cat' myPet[5:7] # 'ot' myPet[1:12] # 'og not a ca'

Lapha, izinkomba ezimbili zinikezwa zihlukaniswe ikholoni, inkomba yokuqala ikhombisa ukuthi ungaqala kuphi ukusika futhi inkomba yesibili ikhombisa ukuthi imiswe kuphi. I-substring evelayo ifaka phakathi izinhlamvu ezisuka enkombeni yokuqala ziye kumlingiswa ngaphambi kwenkomba yokuphela, umlingisi enkombeni yokuphela akafakiwe kulayini ongaphansi.

Uma unganikeli ngenkomba yokuqala, ukusika kuqala ngohlamvu lokuqala lwentambo. Uma unganikeli ngenkomba yokuphela, ukusikwa kugcina kumuntu wokugcina ngenkathi kuyifaka kulayini ongumphumela.

myPet = 'Dog not a cat' myPet[:7] # 'Dog not' myPet[10:] # 'cat' myPet[:] # 'Dog not a cat'

Unganikeza ngama-indices amabi njengama-indices wokusika futhi.


myPet = 'Dog not a cat' myPet[10:-1] # 'ca'

Ubude bentambo

Indlela eyakhelwe ngaphakathi yePython len() kukhipha ubude bezintambo.

myPet = 'Dog not a cat' len(myPet) # 13

Iterate ngokusebenzisa i-String

Ungalinganisa ngohlamvu ngalunye ngentambo usebenzisa i- for iluphu.

Isibonelo:

name = 'John' for char in name:
print(char) # 'J', 'o', 'h', 'n'


I-String Concatenation

Ukuhlanganiswa kwentambo ukuhlanganiswa kwezintambo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ukudala intambo eyodwa. EPython, kunezindlela eziningana zokuvumelanisa izintambo.


Umuntu usebenzisa i- + opharetha.

str1 = 'Hello' str2 = 'World' concat_str = str1 + str2 # 'HelloWorld' concat_str = str1 + ' ' + str2 # 'Hello World'

Ungasebenzisa * opharetha ukuzitholela intambo kuyo noma iyiphi inombolo yezikhathi.

concat_str = str1*3 # 'HelloHelloHello'

Enye indlela yokuhlanganisa izintambo nge join() | indlela.

Okwakhelwe ngaphakathi join() indlela isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izintambo eziningi kusetshenziswa isihlukanisi esijwayelekile.


arr = [str1, str2] concat_str = (' ').join(arr) # 'Hello World' concat_str = (',').join(arr) # 'Hello,World'

Kwikhodi engenhla, eyokuqala join() indlela ingeza isikhala esimhlophe phakathi kwamagama onke afanayo.

Owesibili join() indlela ifaka ukhefana phakathi kwamagama onke kumalungu afanayo.



I-String ne-Int Concatenation

EPython, singakwazi futhi ukuhlanganisa intambo ibe yinamba kepha hhayi nge + opharetha. Uma sizama ukusebenzisa ikhodi elandelayo:

name = 'John' age = 35 print(a + b)

Sizothola:


Traceback (most recent call last): File 'concat.py', line 5, in
print(a + b) TypeError: can only concatenate str (not 'int') to str
Qaphela:Awukwazi ukuhlanganisa intambo nenamba usebenzisa i- + opharetha.

Ukugwema leli phutha, singasebenzisa str() indlela yokuguqula inani libe yintambo, isibonelo:

name = 'John ' age = '35' print(a + str(b)) #John 35

Ungayihlukanisa Kanjani Intambo

Okwakhelwe ngaphakathi split() kusetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa intambo eyodwa kuhlu lwezintambo.

string = 'My name is John' split_arr = string.split(' ') # ['My', 'name', 'is', 'John'] We can also split a string using a separator: string = 'John, Rose, Jack, Mary' split_arr = string.split(', ') # ['John', 'Rose', 'Jack', 'Mary']

I-Strip - Susa izikhala ezimhlophe

strip(), indlela yezintambo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi isetshenziselwa ukususa izikhala ezimhlophe ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwentambo.

string = ' Hello, World ' stripper_str = string.strip() # 'Hello, World'

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, strip() ayisusi izikhala ezimhlophe eziphakathi kwezinye izinhlamvu kepha kuphela ezinhlangothini ezimbili.

Kunokwehluka okubili kwe- strip() indlela, umugqa wesobunxele kanye nomugqa wesokudla:

  • lstrip()
  • rstrip()

Lezi zindlela zisusa izikhala ezimhlophe ohlangothini lwesobunxele nakwesokudla sentambo, ngokulandelana.

Isibonelo:

lsplit_str = string.lstrip() # 'Hello, World ' rsplit_str = string.rstrip() # ' Hello, World'

Izindlela ze-Strip zilusizo ikakhulukazi lapho kufundwa okokufaka komsebenzisi, lapho izikhala ezingeziwe ezimhlophe zingadluliselwa khona ngabasebenzisi.



Ukufometha i-String

I-Python's format() indlela isetshenziselwa ukufometha intambo. Ama-brace curly {} zisetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwentambo edinga ukufomethwa njengesibambi sendawo kwengxenye edinga ukushintshwa yizimpikiswano ezinikezwe i- format() indlela.

Isibonelo:

'Hello, {}'.format('John') # 'Hello, John'

Esibonelweni esingenhla {} ithathelwe indawo ngu-‘John ​​’ngentambo efomethiwe.

Ungasebenzisa ama-brace angaphezu kwesisodwa angama-curly ngaphakathi kwentambo ukufometha. Kuthathelwa indawo izimpikiswano ezinikezwe i- format() noma ngabe ku-oda olunikeziwe (uma kungekho izinkomba zesimo ezishiwo ngaphakathi kubakaki abasontekile) noma ukuhleleka kwesimo.

Isibonelo:

'I have a {}, {}, and a {}'.format('dog', 'cat', 'rabbit') # 'I have a dog, cat, and a rabbit' 'I have a {1}, {0}, and a {2}'.format('dog', 'cat', 'rabbit') # 'I have a cat, dog, and a rabbit'

Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa ama-indices, unganikezela ngezimpikiswano zamagama asemqoka ku- format() ukuze lawo magama angukhiye asetshenziswe ngaphakathi kubakaki abasontekile.

Isibonelo:

print('{friend} is my friend and {enemy} is my enemy'.format(friend='John', enemy='Jack')) # 'John is my friend and Jack is my enemy'

I- format() Le ndlela ihambisana nezimo eziningi njengoba ingasetshenziselwa amacala amaningi okusetshenziswa.

Nazi ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze format() | indlela:

arr = [3, 5] 'I have {0[0]} dogs and {0[1]} cats'.format(arr) # 'I have 3 dogs and 4 cats' #convert numbers to different bases 'int: {0:d}; hex: {0:x}; oct: {0:o}; bin: {0:b}'.format(42) # 'int: 42; hex: 2a; oct: 52; bin: 101010'

Guqula i-String ibe I-Lowercase

Usebenzisa iPython's lower() indlela, ungaguqula intambo ibe ngamahlamvu amancane.

Isibonelo:

string = 'Hello, World!' string.lower() # 'hello, world!'

Guqula i-String ibe i-Uppercase

Ngokunjalo, kusetshenziswa iPython's _ _ + _ | indlela, ungaguqula intambo ibe ngunobumba omkhulu.

Isibonelo:

upper()

Isiphetho

Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngosizo lwalesi sifundo, manje usujwayele izintambo zePython nokuthi uzisebenzisa kanjani izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwenza izintambo.

Inkomba: Imibhalo yezintambo kaPython