Imiyalo yeGit Wonke Umhloli Kufanele Akwazi

Lokhu okuthunyelwe yiGit Cheat Sheet enemiyalo ejwayelekile kakhulu yeGit ongayisebenzisa nsuku zonke.

Uma ungumhloli wezobuchwepheshe osebenzisana nabathuthukisi, kufanele ujwayelane nemiyalo eyisisekelo yeGit.

Lokhu okuthunyelwe kuqukethe ulwazi olwanele lwe-Git ukuze ukwazi ukuqhubeka nosuku nosuku njenge-QA.


Uma ungakayifaki iGit emshinini wakho, ungalandela izinyathelo ezikuyo Ungayifaka kanjani iGit ku-Mac futhi Ukhiqize okhiye be-SSH .



Ukusethwa Kwe-Git kwasekuqaleni

Qalisa i-repo

Dala i-git repo engenalutho noma uqalise kabusha esivele ikhona


$ git init

Qamba kabusha i-repo

Shintsha i-foo repo kwisikhombisi esisha esibizwa nge-foo:

$ git clone https://github.com//foo.git foo

Igatsha leGit

Ungayakha Kanjani Igatsha Elisha eGit

Lapho ufuna ukusebenza entweni entsha, uvame ukudala igatsha elisha eGit. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile ufuna ukuhlala ngaphandle kwegatsha eliyinhloko bese usebenza emagatsheni akho wesici ukuze i-master ihlale ihlanzekile futhi ungakha amagatsha amasha kuyo.

Ukwakha ukusetshenziswa kwegatsha okusha:

$ git checkout -b

Ungawabhala kanjani Amagatsha eGit

Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi imaphi amagatsha atholakala enkombeni yakho esebenzayo, bese usebenzisa:


$ git branch

Ukukhishwa kwesibonelo:

develop my_feature master

Ungashintsha kanjani Amagatsha eGit

Lapho wenza igatsha elisha iGit ishintshela ngokuzenzakalela egatsheni elisha.

Uma unamagatsha amaningi, lapho-ke ungashintsha kalula phakathi kwamagatsha ngokuphuma kwe-git:

$ git checkout master $ git checkout develop $ git checkout my_feature

Ungawasusa Kanjani Amagatsha ku-Git

Ukususa igatsha lendawo:


$ git branch -d

Sebenzisa i- -D ifulegi lokukhetha ukuyiphoqa.

Ukususa igatsha elikude kwimvelaphi:

$ git push origin :

Okuhlobene:

  • Ungayifaka kanjani i-git futhi ukhiqize okhiye be-SSH ku-Mac


Isiteji seGit

Ku isigaba ifayela limane nje ukulilungiselela ukuzibophezela. Uma ufaka noma uguqula amanye amafayela, udinga ukufaka lezo zinguquko “endaweni yokubonisa.” Cabanga ngokubeka isiteji njengebhokisi lapho ubeka khona izinto ngaphambi kokuzifaka ngaphansi kombhede wakho, lapho umbhede wakho uyinqolobane yamabhokisi owake wangena kuwo phambilini.


Amafayela Esiteji SeGit

Ukuze ubeke esiteji noma umane ungeze amafayela, udinga ukusebenzisa i-git add command. Ungahlela amafayela ngamanye:

$ git add foo.js

noma wonke amafayela ngasikhathi sinye:

$ git add .

Izinguquko zeGit Unstage

Uma ufuna ukususa ifayili elithile esiteji:

$ git reset HEAD foo.js

Noma susa wonke amafayela ahleliwe:


$ git reset HEAD .

Ungakha futhi ama-alias womyalo bese uwusebenzisa nge-Git:

$ git config --global alias.unstage 'reset HEAD' $ git unstage .

Isimo seGit

Uma ufuna ukubona ukuthi yimaphi amafayela akhiwe, aguquliwe noma asuswa, isimo se-Git sizokukhombisa umbiko.

$ git status

IGit Commits

Kungumkhuba omuhle ukuzibophezela kaningi. Ungahlala ugoqa phansi ukwenza kwakho ngaphambi kwePush. Ngaphambi kokwenza izinguquko zakho, udinga ukuzibeka esigabeni.

Umyalo wokuzibophezela udinga inketho ye -m ecacisa umlayezo wokuzibophezela.

Ungenza izinguquko zakho njengo:

$ git commit -m 'Updated README'

Ukuhlehlisa ukuzibophezela

Umyalo olandelayo uzohlehlisa ukuzibophezela kwakho kwakamuva kakhulu bese ubuyisela lezo zinguquko esiteji, ukuze ungalahlekelwa yimuphi umsebenzi:

$ git reset --soft HEAD~1

Ukususa ngokuphelele ukuzibophezela bese ulahla noma yiziphi izinguquko ezisetshenziswayo:

$ git reset --hard HEAD~1

Ukuzibophezela Kwesikwashi

Ake sithi unezithembiso ezi-4, kepha awukaphusha lutho okwamanje futhi ufuna ukubeka konke kuzibopho esisodwa, lapho-ke ungasebenzisa:

$ git rebase -i HEAD~4

I- HEAD~4 kubhekiswa kuzivumelwano ezine zokugcina.

I- -i inketho ivula ifayela lombhalo elihambisanayo.

Uzobona igama elithi 'khetha' ngakwesobunxele sesibopho ngasinye. Shiya eyodwa ephezulu wedwa bese ufaka bonke abanye nge “s” yesikwashi, gcina bese uvale ifayili.

Ngemuva kwalokho kuvuleka elinye iwindi elisebenzisanayo lapho ungabuyekeza khona imilayezo yakho yokuzibophezela ngomyalezo omusha wokuzibophezela.



Git Push

Ngemuva kokuthi wenze uguquko lwakho, okulandelayo ukucindezela endaweni yokugcina eyihlane.

I-Push yokuqala

Cindezela igatsha lendawo okokuqala ngqa:

$ git push --set-upstream origin

Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho-ke ungavele usebenzise

$ git push

Cindezela igatsha lendawo egatsheni elihlukile elikude

Ukucindezela igatsha lendawo liye egatsheni elihlukile elikude, ungasebenzisa:

$ git push origin :

Hlehlisa Ukucindezela kokugcina

Uma kufanele uhlehlise i-Push yakho yokugcina, ungasebenzisa:

$ git reset --hard HEAD~1 && git push -f origin master

Ukulanda kweGit

Uma usebenzisa i- git fetch, iGit ayihlanganisi okunye ukuyenza negatsha lakho lamanje. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi uma udinga ukugcina indawo yakho yokugcina isesikhathini, kepha usebenza kokunye okungaphula uma uvuselela amafayela akho.

Ukuhlanganisa ukwenza ku-master branch yakho, usebenzisa merge.

Landa ushintsho kusuka phezulu

$ git fetch upstream

Ukudonsa kweGit

Ukudonsa kwenza ukulanda okulandelwa ukuhlangana. Uma usebenzisa i- git pull, iGit ihlanganisa ngokuzenzakalela ezinye izinto ngaphandle kokukuvumela ukuthi uzibuyekeze kuqala. Uma ungawaphathi kahle amagatsha akho, ungahle uhlangane nezingxabano ezivamile.

Donsela igatsha

Uma unegatsha elibizwa my_feature futhi ufuna ukudonsa lelo gatsha, ungasebenzisa:

$ git pull origin/my_feature

Donsela konke

Noma, uma ufuna ukudonsa konke nawo wonke amanye amagatsha

$ git pull

Ukuhlangana kweGit nokubuyisa

Uma usebenzisa i- git merge, igatsha lakho le- HEAD lizokhiqiza ifayela le- ukuzibophezela okusha , kugcinwa ukhokho lomlando ngamunye wokuzibophezela.

I- ukudlula ngokweqile ibhala kabusha ushintsho lwelinye igatsha liye kwelinye ngaphandle kwakha ukuzibophezela okusha.

Hlanganisa i-Master Branch ukuze ufake igatsha

$ git checkout my_feature $ git merge master

Noma ngenketho yokukhipha, usebenzisa:

$ git checkout my_feature $ git rebase master

Hlanganisa isici segatsha ku-Master Branch

$ git checkout master $ git merge my_feature

IGitishi

Kwesinye isikhathi wenza izinguquko egatsheni, futhi ufuna ukushintshela kwelinye igatsha, kepha awufuni ukulahlekelwa yizinguquko zakho.

Ungabamba izinguquko zakho. Nakhu ukuthi wenza kanjani i-stash ku-Git:

$ git stash

Manje, uma ufuna ukukhipha lezo zinguquko bese uzibuyisela ekusetshenzisweni kwesiqondisi sakho esisebenzayo:

$ git stash pop