Imibono eyiphutha yokuhlola okuzenzakalelayo
Kule ndatshana, sizohlola eminye imibono eyiphutha yokuhlolwa ezenzakalelayo nokuthi lokhu kuvimbela kanjani izinhlangano ukuthi ziphumelele ekuzenzekelayo kokuhlola.
Akunzima ukucabanga ngezinzuzo zokuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo eceleni kokukhiqizwa komkhiqizo - ukukhishwa okusheshayo, ukwanda kokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa, ukwenziwa kokuhlolwa okuvamile, impendulo esheshayo eqenjini lezentuthuko, ukubala nje ezimbalwa, kepha izinhlangano eziningi azikathutha noma ukumelana nokutshala imali ekuzenzekelayo kokuhlola.
Test Automation Imibono eyiphutha
Okungenzeka ukuthi into enzima kakhulu futhi eyinselele kunoma yimuphi umzamo wokuzenzekelayo wokuhlola ukuqonda ukulinganiselwa kokuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo nokubeka izinhloso ezingokoqobo nokulindelwe ukugwema ukuphoxeka. Unalokho engqondweni, ake sibheke okunye ukungezwani okuvame kakhulu nezinganekwane mayelana ne-automation yokuhlola:
Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo Kungcono Kunokuhlolwa Kwenziwe Ngokwenziwa
Ibhekisa kokuthunyelwe kwebhulogi likaMichael Bolton Ukuhlola kuqhathaniswa nokuhlola , ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo akuhloli ngempela. Kuwukuhlola amaqiniso. Lapho sinokuqonda kohlelo, singaphoqelela lokho kuqonda ngezindlela zokuhlolwa bese kuthi ngokusebenzisa amasheke azenzakalelayo, siqinisekisa ukuqonda kwethu. Ukuhlola, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungumsebenzi wophenyo lapho sihlose ukuthola ulwazi olusha mayelana nohlelo oluvivinywayo ngokuhlola.
Ukuhlola kudinga ukuthi umuntu enze isinqumo esizwakalayo ekusetshenzisweni kohlelo. Singabona okushodayo lapho besingalindele. Akufanele sibe buthakathaka ngakunye noma kokunye, ngoba zombili izindlela ziyadingeka ukuthola ukuqonda ngekhwalithi yohlelo lokusebenza.
Kuzuzwa Ukuhlolwa Okuzenzakalelayo okungu-100%
Njengoba nje ingekho indlela ebonakalayo yokuthola ukutholakala kokuhlolwa okungu-100% (ngenxa yezimvume ezingapheli ezingapheli), okufanayo kuyasebenza ekuhloleni okuzenzakalelayo. Singakhuphula ukufakwa kokuhlolwa ngokwenza izivivinyo ezizenzakalelayo ngedatha ethe xaxa, ukumiswa okuningi, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinhlelo zokusebenza, iziphequluli, kepha ukufeza i-100% kuseyinjongo engekho ngokoqobo. Uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo, izivivinyo eziningi azisho ukuthi ikhwalithi engcono noma ukuzethemba okungcono. Konke kuncike ekutheni isivivinyo sakhiwe kahle kanjani. Esikhundleni sokuhlose ukumbozwa okugcwele esikhundleni salokho, gxila endaweni yokusebenza ebaluleke kakhulu ebaluleke kakhulu ebhizinisini.
I-ROI esheshayo
Lapho usebenzisa isisombululo se-automation test, kuneminye imisebenzi yokuhlangana ehambisanayo kunamacala wokuhlola kuphela. Imvamisa uhlaka ludinga ukwakhiwa olungasekela imisebenzi ye-bespoke ewusizo futhi enenjongo ebhizinisini, njengokukhethwa kwamacala wokuhlola, ukubika, ukuqhutshwa kwedatha, njll.
Ukuthuthukiswa kohlaka kungumsebenzi ngokwakho futhi kudinga onjiniyela abanamakhono futhi kuthatha isikhathi ukwakha. Noma ngabe uhlaka olusebenza ngokuphelele selukhona, ukubhala amasheke okuzenzakalelayo kuqala kuthatha isikhathi eside kunokusebenzisa isivivinyo esifanayo ngesandla. Ngakho-ke lapho sidinga impendulo esheshayo kusici esisha esisanda kuthuthukiswa, ukusihlola ngokwenza kuvame ukushesha kunokuzenzakalela esivivinyweni. Kodwa-ke, i-ROI ibuyiselwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lapho sidinga ukwenza izivivinyo ezifanayo ngezikhathi ezithile.
Izinga Eliphezulu Lokutholwa Okungalungile Ngemasheke Okuzenzakalelayo
Yize izixazululo eziningi ze-automation test ezihlinzekwa ngumthengisi nezenziwe ekhaya ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi zikwazi kakhulu ukwenza imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi, azisoze zikwazi ukuncintisana nobuhlakani bomhloli womuntu okwazi ukubona ukungaqondakali okungalindelekile kuhlelo ngenkathi ehlola noma ukwenza isethi yokuhlolwa okubhaliwe kusistimu engaphansi kokuhlolwa. Kuyindida ukuthi abantu balindele ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo ukuthola izimbungulu eziningi ngoba kusolwa ukwanda kokufakwa kokuhlolwa, kepha empeleni, akunjalo.
Kuyiqiniso, ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kuhle ekubambeni izingqinamba zokubuyela emuva - ngemuva kokuthi kufakwe isici esisha kwikhodi ekhona, sidinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi asikaphuli ukusebenza kwamanje futhi siludinga lolo lwazi ngokushesha - kepha, inani lezinkinga zokubuyela emuva, ezimweni eziningi, kuvame ukuba ngaphansi kakhulu kokusebenza okusha okwenziwayo.
Elinye iphuzu okufanele likhunjulwe ukuthi amasheke azenzakalelayo abheka kuphela lokho okuhlelwe ukuthi kuhlolwe ngumuntu obhale lo mbhalo. Izikripthi zifana nomuntu ozibhalile. Onke amasheke azenzakalelayo angadlula ngenjabulo kepha amaphutha amakhulu angaqashelwa anganikeza umbono ongewona wekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Empeleni, ukuhlola kungafakazela ubukhona bezinkinga, kepha akukwazi ukufakazela ukungabikho kwazo.
Sidinga Ukuzenzekelayo Kokuhlolwa Kwezinto kuphela
Ngakho-ke, uma amathuba okuthola ukukhubazeka emakhulu ekuhlolweni kwezici ezintsha, kungani singasebenzisi izivivinyo zethu ezizenzakalelayo ngokumelene nokusebenza okusha njengoba kuthuthukiswa? Yebo, lokhu kunjalo emaqenjini azilolongelayo TDD .
Abathuthukisi babhala ukuhlolwa kweyunithi kuqala, bayibuke yehluleke bese bebhala ikhodi eyanele ukuthola ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kweyunithi nomjikelezo uyaphindwa kuze kuhanjiswe ukusebenza okuhlosiwe. Empeleni, lezi zivivinyo zeyunithi ezenzakalelayo zihlola ukusebenza okusha futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zakha iphakethe lokuhlengahlengiswa okwenziwa kaninginingi njengoba kuhanjiswa ukusebenza okusha.
Kepha, kukhona i-caveat kulokhu. Ngenkathi i-TDD ikhuthazwa kakhulu futhi kungumkhuba oqinile wokuthuthuka ekwakheni ikhwalithi kusukela ngezizathu, ukuhlolwa kwamayunithi kuhle kuphela ekutholeni amaphutha wohlelo, hhayi ukwehluleka. Kunesici esikhudlwana sokuhlolwa esenzeka lapho zonke izingxenye ziboshwe ndawonye futhi zakhe uhlelo.
Eqinisweni, izinhlangano eziningi zinamasheke amaningi azenzakalelayo kusendlalelo se-UI yohlelo. Kodwa-ke, ukubhala amasheke okuzenzakalelayo kwe-UI noma isistimu, ngenkathi izici zithuthukiswa kungumsebenzi onzima kakhulu, njengoba ukusebenza okusha kuthanda ukuba nokuguquguquka (ngokuya ngezinguquko eziningi) ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka. Futhi, ukusebenza okulindelwe kungahle kungaziwa kuze kube kamuva, ngakho-ke ukuchitha isikhathi ukwenza ukusebenza okuguqukayo akukhuthazwa.
Sidinga i-UI Automation ezenzakalelayo kuphela
Kunamanani wokusebenzisa amasheke azenzakalelayo ku-UI nasezingeni lesistimu. Sibona ukubona ukuthi umsebenzisi uhlangabezana kanjani lapho esebenzisana nesicelo; singahlola ukugeleza kokuphela kokuphela kanye no-3rdukuhlanganiswa kweqembu lapho besingakwazi ukuhlola ngenye indlela; singabonisa futhi ukuhlolwa kumakhasimende nakubasebenzisi bokugcina ukuze bezwe ukumbozwa kokuhlolwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuthembela kuphela ekuhlolweni okuzenzakalelayo kusendlalelo se-UI kunezinkinga zako.
I-UI ishintsha njalo ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka okubonakalayo nokusetshenziswa futhi ukuba nokuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kwehluleke ngenxa yezinguquko ze-UI hhayi ushintsho ekusebenzeni kunganikeza umbono ongamanga wesimo sohlelo lokusebenza.
Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-UI nakho kuhamba kancane ngejubane lokwenziwa kunaseyunithi noma ungqimba lwe-API futhi ngenxa yalokhu, i-loop yempendulo eqenjini ihamba kancane. Kungathatha amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuthi kubonakale iphutha bese kubikwa konjiniyela. Futhi lapho okuthile kungahambi kahle, ukuhlaziywa kwembangela kuthatha isikhathi eside ngoba akucaci kalula ukuthi ikuphi le bug.
Ukuqonda umongo wohlolo ngalunye nokuthi uvivinyo kufanele luzenzekele ngaluphi uhlaka kubalulekile. Ukuzenzekelayo kokuhlola kufanele kube yingxenye yomsebenzi wokuthuthuka, ngakho-ke lonke iqembu libhekele ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo, ngonjiniyela ababhala besebenzisa ukuhlolwa kweyunithi, Abathuthukisi beSoftware ekubhaleni kweTest benza futhi bagcine izivivinyo zokwamukela ku-API kanye / noma ku-UI.
Ukulahlekelwa Ukholo Nokuthembela ku-Test Automation
Lesi sokugcina akuyona inganekwane mayelana nokuhlolwa kokuzenzakalela, kepha umphumela ohlangothini lapho i-test automation ihamba kabi. Uchitha amahora amaningi wenza isisombululo sokuhlola esizenzakalelayo, usebenzisa amathuluzi amahle kakhulu nemikhuba emihle, kepha uma amasheke azenzakalelayo engalisizi iqembu alinalutho.
Uma iqembu lingenakho ukubonakala noma ulwazi kulokho okuzenzakalelayo nokwenzayo, bangadedela ngokwesaba okungaziwa noma baphinde imizamo yabo yokuhlola kabusha. Uma amasheke azenzakalelayo e-flaky, ehamba kancane, anikeze imiphumela ngezikhathi ezithile angadida iqembu ngaphezu kokunikeza inetha lokuphepha kanye ne-booster ukuzethemba.
Ungesabi ukususa amasheke azenzakalelayo ahlala ehluleka noma anikeza imiphumela engahambelani. Esikhundleni salokho, khomba i-suite ehlanzekile nethembekile yokuhlolwa enganikeza izinkomba ezifanele ngempilo yesicelo.
Isiphetho
I-Test Automation ingukutshalwa kwemali kwesikhathi eside. Kuzothatha isikhathi nobungcweti ekwakheni nasekugcineni izinhlaka zokuhlola ezishintshayo nemibhalo ezenzakalelayo. Ukuzenzekelayo kokuhlola akuyona imizamo eyodwa lapho uletha isixazululo futhi usiyeke sisebenze. Kudinga ukuqapha nokuvuselelwa njalo.
Esikhundleni sokuhlose ukufaka ama-QAs mathupha noma silindele ukuthi amasheke azenzakalelayo athole amaphutha amaningi, esikhundleni salokho kufanele samukele izinzuzo eziziletha eqenjini, njengokukhulula isikhathi se-QA sokuhlolwa okwengeziwe lapho amathuba okudalula ukukhuphuka enwetshiwe, noma ukusebenzisa okuzenzakalelayo imibhalo yokwakha idatha yokuhlola engasetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa mathupha.
Ukuqonda ukulinganiselwa nokubeka okulindelwe okungokoqobo kubalulekile ekunqobeni lezi zinganekwane zokuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo.
