Amatemu we-Agile nezincazelo

Ukuhlolwa Kokwamukelwa

Ukuhlolwa okuhlelekile okwenziwe ukuthola ukuthi uhlelo liyanelisa yini izindlela zalo zokwamukela nokuthi iklayenti linqume ukuthi lamukele noma cha uhlelo.

Indlela ye-Agile Software Development

Ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware ye-Agile kugcizelela kakhulu ukusebenzisana, ukuphendula ekushintsheni, nasekunciphiseni imfucuza kuwo wonke umjikelezo wentuthuko. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware ye-Agile kugxile ekugcineni ikhodi elula, ukuhlola kaningi, nokuletha izingcezwana zokusebenza zohlelo lokusebenza ngokushesha uma sezilungile.

Isimiso esibalulekile se-agile ukuletha (okungenzeka) isoftware ekhiphekayo ngemuva kwayo yonke iteration.

Ukuzilungisa ngemuva

Ukuzilungisa emuva inqubo yokufaka izindaba zomsebenzisi ezintsha ekusileleni, ukubeka phambili izindaba ezikhona njengoba kudingeka, ukudala izilinganiso, nokwakha kabusha izindaba ezinkulu zibe izindaba ezincane noma imisebenzi. Esikhundleni sokulungisa ukusilela emuva ngezikhathi ezithile kuyo yonke i-iteration, iqembu lingabamba iseshini yokuzilungisa ngemuva emuva njalo.

Ukwephula Ukwakhiwa

Lapho unjiniyela engeza ushintsho ekugcineni kwekhodi yomthombo okuholela ekwehlulekeni kwenqubo yokwakha elandelayo, unjiniyela “wephule ukwakhiwa.”

Kufanele kube ukuzibophezela kweqembu ukugwema ukwephula ukwakhiwa ngoba kuzonciphisa intuthuko futhi kungaba yibhodlela kwabanye onjiniyela. Lapho ukwakhiwa kwephuliwe, iqembu lokuthuthukisa lizothatha izinyathelo ngokushesha ukulungisa ukwakhiwa.

Ukwakhiwa kwephuliwe uma inqubo yokwakha ingeke iqedwe ngempumelelo nganoma yisiphi isibalo sezizathu kufaka (kepha kungagcini lapho) ukwehluleka ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlanganisa izexwayiso ezingamukeleki, noma ukwehluleka kwanoma iyiphi inombolo yezivivinyo ezizenzakalelayo.

Inqubo Yokwakha / Yokwakha Iphayiphi

Inqubo yokwakha noma yokwakha ipayipi, inqubo lapho indaba isuka ekuqaleni kwayo iye ekukhiqizweni, imvamisa ihamba ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene futhi ihlola ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi.

Iphayiphi yokwakha ichaza ukuhamba komsebenzi kokulethwa kwesoftware nokuthi kwenzekani esigabeni ngasinye.

Ishadi leBurndown

Igrafu ebonisa inani lamahora womsebenzi asele ngosuku. Kukhombisa ukuthi iqembu limi kuphi ngokuqedela imisebenzi ebibophezele ku-sprint. I-X-axis imele izinsuku ku-sprint, kuyilapho i-Y-axis ingumzamo osele.

Inyama yenkukhu

Ku-scrum, inkukhu yigama lesitsotsi elisetshenziselwa umuntu onentshisekelo kuphrojekthi kepha engenasibopho sokusebenza emsebenzini othile ku-iteration esebenzayo. Bangabuka imihlangano yeqembu kepha abakwazi ukuvota noma ukukhuluma.

Ukuhlanganiswa Okuqhubekayo

I-Continuous Integration (CI) iyinqubo ye-eXtreme Programming (XP) lapho amalungu ethimba lokulethwa evame ukuhlanganisa umsebenzi wabo (isb. Ngehora, noma okungenani kanye ngosuku).

Ukuhlanganiswa ngakunye kuqinisekiswa ngokwakhiwa okuzenzakalelayo, nakho okwenza ukuhlolwa, ukuthola noma imaphi amaphutha wokuhlanganisa ngokushesha nangokuzenzekelayo. Inhloso enkulu ye-CI ukugwema lokho okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlanganiswa noma ukuhlanganisa isihogo.

Iqembu Eliphambanweni

Ithimba elinamalungu onawo wonke amakhono okusebenza kanye nobuchwepheshe (okuvame ukubizwa ngamakhono amaningi) adingekayo ukuqedela iphrojekthi kusuka ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni.

Ikhasimende

Ikhasimende livame ukuchazwa njengomamukeli noma umsebenzisi womkhiqizo. Amakhasimende angaba ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwenhlangano. Ikhasimende kungaba ngumuntu oyedwa, umnyango, noma iqembu elikhulu.

Amakhasimende angaphakathi kwesinye isikhathi abizwa ngokuthi “Ibhizinisi.”

Ukuma kwansuku zonke

Umhlangano wethimba nsuku zonke uvame ukubamba into yokuqala ekuseni ukuhlinzeka ngokubuyekezwa kwesimo kumalungu eqembu. Imihlangano ivamise ukuba yisibhakela semizuzu engu-5-15, futhi ibanjwa isukume ukukhumbuza abantu ukuthi bawenze umhlangano ube mfushane futhi ube seqophelweni.

Incazelo ye-Done (DoD)

Indlela yokwamukela umsebenzi njengoba usuqediwe. Ukucacisa lezi zindlela kungumsebenzi wethimba lonke, kufaka phakathi ibhizinisi. Ngokuvamile, kunamazinga amathathu okuthi “Kwenziwe” (okwaziwa nangokuthi Kwenziwe-Kwenziwe):

• Kwenziwe: Kuthuthukisiwe, kusebenza ebhokisini lonjiniyela
• Kwenziwe: Kuqinisekiswe ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kweyunithi, ukubuyekezwa kwekhodi, njll.
• Kwenziwe: Kuqinisekiswe njengekhwalithi ehambisekayo ngokuhlolwa kokusebenza, izibuyekezo, njll.

Indlela eqondile yokuchazwa kokuthi “Kwenziwe” iyahlukahluka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zezinhlangano nezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene.

I-Epic

Indaba enkulu kakhulu yomsebenzisi ekugcineni ehlukaniswa yaba izindaba ezincane. Ama-Epics ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukubamba indawo emibonweni emisha nasezindabeni ezihlobene ezizothuthukiswa kuma-sprints alandelayo.

Izindaba ze-Epic zisiza amaqembu wokuthuthukisa i-Agile ukuphatha ngempumelelo nokulungisa ukusilela emuva komkhiqizo wabo.

Ukulinganisa

Inqubo yokuvumelana ngesilinganiso sikasayizi wezindaba noma imisebenzi ekusileleni komkhiqizo. Kumaphrojekthi we-agile, ukulinganisa kwenziwa yithimba elibhekele ukuletha umsebenzi, imvamisa kusetshenziswa umdlalo wokuhlela noma i-poker yokuhlela.

Ukuhlelwa Kakhulu

Indlela yokuthuthukisa isoftware ehlose ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesoftware nokuphendula ekushintsheni izidingo zamakhasimende.

I-XP igqugquzela 'ukukhishwa' okuvamile emijikelezweni emfushane yentuthuko, ehlose ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza nokwethula izindawo zokubheka lapho izidingo ezintsha zamakhasimende zingamukelwa khona.

Ezinye izinto zohlelo olwedlulele zifaka: izinhlelo ezimbili, ukubuyekezwa kwamakhodi okubanzi, ukuhlolwa kweyunithi, Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo ukusho okumbalwa.

Isici

Umsebenzi webhizinisi ohambisanayo noma imfanelo yomkhiqizo wesistimu noma uhlelo. Izici ngokuvamile ziqukethe izidingo eziningi ezinemininingwane (iyunithi). Isici esisodwa ngokuvamile senziwa ngezindaba eziningi.

Izici zingasebenza noma zingasebenzi; zinikeza isisekelo sokuhlela izindaba.

Ukulandelana kweFibonacci

Ukulandelana kwezinombolo lapho kutholwa khona inombolo elandelayo ngokuhlanganisa ndawonye ezimbili ezedlule (isb. 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34…). Ukulandelana kusetshenziselwa ukukhulisa izindaba kumasu wokulinganisa we-Agile njengokuhlela i-poker.

Isithiyo

Noma yini evimbela ilungu leqembu ekwenzeni umsebenzi ngendlela efanelekile yisithiyo. Ilungu ngalinye leqembu linethuba lokumemezela izithiyo ngesikhathi somhlangano wansuku zonke wokuma.

Umsebenzi weScrumMaster ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izithiyo zisuswa ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze iqembu liqhubeke nokukhiqiza.

Ukushintshwa

Isikhathi (kusuka evikini elingu-1 kuye ezinyangeni ezi-2 ubude) lapho ithimba lokuthuthukisa i-Agile likhiqiza ukwanda kwesoftware eqediwe. Zonke izinhlelo izigaba zokuphila (izidingo, ukwakhiwa, ikhodi, kanye nokuhlolwa) kufanele kuqedwe ngesikhathi sokushintshwa bese kukhonjiswa ukuthi ukwamukelwa kwamukelwe njengokuqedwe ngempumelelo.

Ekuqaleni kokuphindwaphindwa, ibhizinisi noma umnikazi womkhiqizo ukhomba isinqamu somsebenzi esilandelayo (esisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu) iqembu elizoliqedela. Ithimba lezentuthuko libe selilinganisela izinga lomzamo bese lizibophezela ekuqedeni ingxenye yomsebenzi ngesikhathi sokulungiswa.

UKhanban

I-Kanban iyithuluzi elisuselwa ekukhiqizeni okuncanyana futhi lihlotshaniswa negatsha lezenzo ze-agile ezaziwa ngokukhululekile ngokuthi yiLean Software Development. UKanban ucindezela ukuthi kungakanani umsebenzi oqhubekayo ovunyelwe ukwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kweKanban neScrum ngukuthi imikhawulo yeScrum isebenza ngokuqhubeka nge-sprints kanye neKanban imikhawulo yomsebenzi oqhubekayo ngokunciphisa ukuthi mningi kangakanani umsebenzi ongavela ngasikhathi sinye (isib.Imisebenzi ye-N noma izindaba ze-N).

Ukuthuthuka Kwesoftware

Ukuthuthuka kwesoftware okuncike noma nje uLean ugxile ekwehliseni imfucuza nokwenza ngcono ukusakazwa kwenani lokukhiqizwa kwesoftware.

Umkhiqizo Ophansi Ophansi (MVP)

Umkhiqizo omncane kakhulu osebenzayo ongakhiwa futhi uvivinywe futhi uthunyelwe ngesikhathi esinikeza inani kubasebenzisi.

Ukubhangqa uHlelo

Inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware lapho abahleli bezinhlelo ezimbili basebenza ndawonye emsebenzini owodwa. Olunye uhlobo lwekhodi ngenkathi olunye lubukeza umugqa ngamunye wekhodi njengoba uthayiphiwe. Umuntu othayiphayo ubizwa ngokuthi umshayeli. futhi umuntu obukeza ikhodi ubizwa ngokuthi obukayo noma we-navigator. Abahleli bobabili bashintsha izindima kaningi.

Ingulube

Umuntu onesibopho sokwenza umsebenzi ku-iteration esebenzayo. Kuphambene neNkukhu. Izingulube zibambe iqhaza elibonakalayo kuphrojekthi.

Ukuhlela i-Poker

Ukuhlela i-Poker kuyindlela esekwe ekuvumelaneni yokuqagela, esetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulinganisa umzamo noma usayizi ohambelana nemisebenzi ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware. Iqembu lisebenzisa uchungechunge lwe-fibonacci noma i-T-shirt sizing ukulinganisa izindaba ngesikhathi somdlalo we-poker wokuhlela.

Umkhiqizo

Ngokubanzi, umkhiqizo usho iqoqo lezici ezihlanganisiwe futhi zahlanganiswa ekukhishweni kwesoftware okunikeza inani lekhasimende noma emakethe.

Umnikazi woMkhiqizo

Umnikazi woMkhiqizo ungenye yezindima ezisemqoka kuScrum. Izibopho zoMnikazi woMkhiqizo zifaka:

• Ukusungula, ukukhulisa, nokuxhumana ngombono womkhiqizo
• Ukwakha nokuhola iqembu lonjiniyela ukuthi linikeze kangcono inani lekhasimende
• Ukuqapha iphrojekthi ngokuqhathaniswa nezinhloso zayo ze-ROI kanye nombono wokutshala imali
• Ukwenza izinqumo mayelana nokuthi ukudala nini ukukhishwa okusemthethweni

Ukusilela Emuva Komkhiqizo

Ukusilela emuva komkhiqizo kufana nohlu lwezifiso zebhizinisi ezifuna ukuletha esikhathini eside esizayo. Iqoqo lezindaba nemisebenzi iqembu elizosebenza kuyo esikhathini esizayo.

Umnikazi woMkhiqizo ugcina lolu hlu lokusilela emuva komkhiqizo ngokuya ngokusemqoka kwebhizinisi nezidingo. Izinto ezisemuva kufanele zibonise umgwaqo webhizinisi.

Iyaphinda iyasebenza

Ukushintsha ikhodi ekhona yesoftware ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka okuphelele. Ukwenza kabusha ngokujwayelekile akuguquli ukusebenza okubonakalayo kwesoftware; ithuthukisa ukwakheka kwayo kwangaphakathi.

Uhlelo Lokukhishwa

Uhlelo lokukhululwa uhlelo lokukhiphela isoftware ekukhiqizweni. Izinhlelo ezijwayelekile zokukhishwa zifaka izici ezibalulekile ezizohanjiswa, kanye nezinsuku ezihambisanayo zokukhishwa.

Ukubheka emuva

Umhlangano obekelwe isikhathi obanjwe ekugcineni kwe-sprint lapho iqembu lihlola khona izinqubo zalo ukuthola ukuthi yini ephumelele nokuthi yini engathuthukiswa. Ukubheka emuva kuyisihluthulelo sokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo.

Umphumela omuhle wokubuyela emuva ukukhomba into eyodwa noma ezimbili zezinto eziseqophelweni eliphezulu iqembu elifuna ukusebenza kulo ekuphindaphindeni noma ekukhululweni okulandelayo.

Isikram

I-Scrum uhlaka lokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo eyinkimbinkimbi yesoftware ngendlela ephindaphindayo futhi ekhulayo futhi luhlaka olaziwa kakhulu lwe-Agile.

Isikram sakhiwe ngochungechunge lwama-iterations amafushane - abizwa ngokuthi ama-sprints - ngakunye okuphela ngokulethwa kokukhushulwa kwesoftware esebenzayo.

Iqembu leScrum

Ithimba lesikram liqembu elisebenza ngokunqamula futhi elizihlelelayo elibhekele ukuletha isoftware.

Ithimba lesikram lifaka abantu abanamakhono amaningi abaziqondayo izidingo zamakhasimende futhi benze ukwakheka kwesoftware, ukufaka amakhodi nokuhlola. Amakhono angeziwe (isb. Ukwakheka kwe-UI, ukusetshenziswa, njll.) Nawo angafakwa.

Ithimba le-scrum libhekele konke ukuzibophezela komsebenzi kanye nemiphumela.

I-ScrumMaster

IScrumMaster inesibopho sokugcina inqubo yeScrum nempilo yonke yeqembu. I-ScrumMaster iqinisekisa ukuthi iqembu lisebenza ngokugcwele futhi likhiqiza ngokususa noma yiziphi izithiyo ezingavimba ukuqhubeka kweqembu. IScrumMaster ibuye ihlele imikhosi yeScrum.

Spike

Indaba noma umsebenzi ohlose ukuphendula umbuzo noma ukuqoqa imininingwane, kunokusebenzisa izici zomkhiqizo, izindaba zomsebenzisi, noma izidingo.

Kwesinye isikhathi kwenziwa indaba yomsebenzisi engenakulinganiswa kuze kube yilapho ithimba lezentuthuko lenza umsebenzi othile wokuxazulula umbuzo wobuchwepheshe noma inkinga yokwakhiwa. Isixazululo ukudala 'isipikha,' okuyindaba inhloso yayo ukunikeza impendulo noma isisombululo.

I-Sprint

Ekuthuthukiseni umkhiqizo, i-sprint isikhathi esibekiwe lapho umsebenzi othile kufanele uqedelwe futhi ulungele ukubuyekezwa. Ubude obujwayelekile be-Sprint imvamisa amaviki ama-2 futhi imvamisa abude budlule amasonto ama-4.

Ukusilela emuva kwe-Sprint

Uhlu lwezici, izindaba zomsebenzisi noma imisebenzi edonswa kusilelo lomkhiqizo ukuze licatshangelwe ukuqedwa ngesikhathi se-sprint ezayo. Izici ezingemuva zomkhiqizo nezindaba zomsebenzisi zihlukaniswe zaba yimisebenzi yokwakha ukusilela emuva kwe-sprint ngesikhathi somhlangano wokuhlela we-sprint.

Ukuzilungisa Izindaba

Ezikhathini zokuhlanza izindaba, imininingwane yezindaba zomsebenzisi iyakhishwa. Izindlela zokwamukelwa zibhaliwe futhi zachazwa. Izindaba nazo ziyalinganiselwa kulesi sigaba.

Inhloso yalesi seshini ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu obambe iqhaza ekwakheni nasekuhloleni izindaba wabelana ngokuqonda okufanayo ngomongo wezindaba ngaphambi kokuqala ukuthuthukiswa kwezindaba.

Izikhathi zokuzilungisa izindaba zivame ukubanjwa phakathi no-Sprint nge-sprint elandelayo ukuze iqembu lazi ngomthwalo womsebenzi we-sprint elandelayo.

Abahlanganyeli bayiqembu lesikram, umphathi wesikram nomnikazi womkhiqizo.

Ukuhlela kwe-Sprint

Izikhathi zokuhlela ze-Sprint zibanjwa ngaphambi nje kokuqala kwe-Sprint entsha. Kulesi seshini iqembu likhomba imisebenzi edinga ukwenziwa bese linquma ukuthi mangaki amaphuzu ezindaba angazibophezela kuwo ngejubane elizayo.

Ngaphambi kwezikhathi zokuhlela nge-sprint, izindaba bekufanele ngabe zichazwe futhi zalinganiselwa ngezikhathi zokuzilungisa zeNdaba, ukuze kungachithwa isikhathi ngesikhathi sokuhlelwa kwe-sprint.

Abahlanganyeli bangama-scrum master kanye neqembu lesikram.

Indaba Yomsebenzisi

Indaba Yomsebenzisi (a.k.a Story) ingacatshangwa njengesidingo, isici esinenani elithile lebhizinisi.

Izindaba zichaza umsebenzi okumele uqedwe ukuletha isici somkhiqizo. Izindaba ziyunithi eyisisekelo yokuxhumana, ukuhlela, nokuxoxisana phakathi kweThimba leScrum, Abanikazi bebhizinisi noMnikazi woMkhiqizo.

Izindaba zinezinto ezilandelayo:

• Incazelo, imvamisa ngokwemigomo yebhizinisi
• Usayizi, ngezinhloso zokulinganisela, okuvezwa ngokuvamile kumaphoyinti endaba (njenge-1, 2, 3, 5)
• Indlela eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yokwamukelwa, enikeza incazelo emfushane yokuthi indaba izoqinisekiswa kanjani

Umsebenzi

Imisebenzi yizincazelo zomsebenzi uqobo owenziwa ngumuntu noma ngababili ukuqedela indaba. Ziyakwazi ukulawuleka, zenziwe, futhi ziyimikhakha yomsebenzi. Imvamisa, kunemisebenzi eminingana endabeni ngayinye.

Isikweletu Sezobuchwepheshe

Igama eliqanjwe ngu Isigceme Cunningham ukuchaza isibopho esenziwa yinhlangano yesoftware lapho ikhetha indlela yokwakha noma yokwakha efanelekile esikhathini esifushane kepha lokho kwandisa ubunzima futhi kubiza kakhulu esikhathini eside esizayo.

Usayizi we-T-Shirt

Indlela yokulinganisa umsebenzi odingekayo ukuqedela indaba ngosayizi weT-shirt, okusho ukuthi Encane (S), Medium (M), Large (L) noma X-Large (XL)

Isikhathi

Ibhokisi lesikhathi yisikhathi sesikhathi esinqunyelwe esabiwe ukufeza inhloso ethile. Ekuthuthukisweni kwe-agile, ukuphindaphindwa kanye ne-sprints kuyizibonelo zamabhokisi wesikhathi anciphisa umsebenzi ekuqhubekeni nasekuqhubekeni kwenqubekela phambili yokwenyuka.

Velocity

IVelocity ilinganisa ukuthi mangaki umsebenzi iqembu elingawuqedela ku-iteration. IVelocity ivame ukulinganiswa ezindabeni noma kumaphoyinti endaba. IVelocity nayo ingalinganisa imisebenzi ngamahora noma ngeyunithi efanayo.

IVelocity isetshenziselwa ukukala ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani iqembu elithile ukuletha imiphumela yesikhathi esizayo ngokudlulisa ngokuya ngesisekelo sokusebenza kwalo kwangaphambilini.

Umsebenzi usaqhubeka

Noma yimuphi umsebenzi ongakaqedwa kodwa osuvele wenze izindleko ezinkulu enhlanganweni. Noma iyiphi isoftware esetshenzisiwe kepha engafakwanga ekukhiqizweni ingathathwa njengomsebenzi oqhubekayo.